My overall research interest lies in exploring, at the landscape scale, which components of biodiversity are the most crucial to protect and restore – given that ecosystems are dynamic, uncertain and subject to change. To do so, I work with simulation models and algorithms, large secondary (and occasionally primary) data sets, and spatial analysis of data including satellite imagery.

I have a particular interest in investigating the impacts of the private sector upon global biodiversity, and investigating mechanisms through which business can manage impacts and fund conservation and restoration activities.

Moving ecological targets and dynamic conservation interventions

Biodiversity offsets, and their role in achieving ‘no net loss’ of biodiversity alongside development

Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation interventions under change scenarios, including development of useful baselines or counterfactuals (‘frames of reference’)

Business and corporate biodiversity strategy

Restoration and rewilding

Quantum biology and ecology

2017- current          Lecturer in Conservation Science at DICE, University of Kent

2015 – 2017             Marie Skłodowska-Curie postdoctoral fellow, University of Copenhagen

2015 – current        Visiting Researcher, University of Oxford

2014 – 2015             Visiting Researcher, Imperial College London

2012 – current        Director and co-founder, Wild Business Ltd

2012 – 2014             International Consultant, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

2011 – 2011             Researcher, CEED, RMIT University (Australia)

2010 – 2014             PhD candidate, Imperial College London/FFI

2009 – 2010            Research associate, WildCRU, University of Oxford

2006 – 2010            Environmental consultant, Bureau Veritas

2005 – 2006            MSc Environmental Technology, Imperial College London

2002 – 2005            BSc Physics, Imperial College London

Maron, M., Brownlie, S., Bull, J.W., et al. (in press) The many meanings of No Net Loss in environmental policy. Nature Sustainability.

EJ Milner-Gulland, V Griffiths, O Sheremet, N Hanley, J Baker, J Bull. Local people's preferences for biodiversity offsets to achieve ‘no net loss’ for economic developments. Biological Conservation 2019

PFE Addison, JW Bull, EJ Milner‐Gulland. Using conservation science to advance corporate biodiversity accountability. Conservation Biology 33 (2), 307-318, 6, 2019

VF Griffiths, JW Bull, J Baker, EJ Milner‐Gulland. No net loss for people and biodiversity. Conservation Biology 33 (1), 76-87, 7, 2019

JW Bull, R Ejrnæs, DW Macdonald, JC Svenning, CJ Sandom. Fences can support restoration in human‐dominated ecosystems when rewilding with large predators. Restoration Ecology 27 (1), 198-209, 5, 2019

JW Bull, N Strange. The global extent of biodiversity offset implementation under no net loss policie. Nature Sustainability 1 (12), 790, 3, 2018

JW Bull, J Baker, VF Griffiths, JPG Jones, EJ Milner-Gulland. Ensuring No Net Loss for people as well as biodiversity: good practice principles. SocArXiv, 2018

P Addison, JW Bull. Conservation accord: Corporate incentives. Science, 2, 2018

EJ Milner‐Gulland, S Garcia, W Arlidge, J Bull, A Charles, L Dagorn. Translating the terrestrial mitigation hierarchy to marine megafauna by‐catch. Fish and fisheries 19 (3), 547-561, 3, 2018

WNS Arlidge, JW Bull, PFE Addison, MJ Burgass, D Gianuca, TM Gorham. A global mitigation hierarchy for nature conservation. BioScience 68 (5), 336-347Bull et al. (2017) “Data transparency regarding the implementation of European ‘no net loss’ biodiversity policies” Biological Conservation 

Bull, J.W., Abatayo, A., Strange, N. (in press) "Counterintuitive Proposals for Trans-boundary Ecological Compensation Under ‘No Net Loss’ Biodiversity Policy" Ecological Economics. 

Bull, J.W., Strange, N. (2017) Demonstrating biodiversity offset policy outcomes using the classic “Trading in a Pit Market” classroom game. Vestnik of the Tyumen State University, 3(1). (pdf)

Bull, J.W., Lloyd, S.P., Strange, N. (2017) Implementation gap between the theory and practice of biodiversity offset multipliers. Conservation Letters, DOI: 10.1111/conl.12335 

Real, R., Barbosa, A.M. & Bull, J.W. “Species distributions, quantum theory, and the enhancement of biodiversity measures”. Systematic Biology (pdf)

Keith, S.A. & Bull, J.W.  “Animal culture impacts species’ capacity to realise climate-driven range shifts”. Ecography (pdf)

Bull, J.W., Maron, M. (2016) “How humans drive speciation as well as extinction”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2016.0600.

Bull, J.W., Gordon, A., Watson, J.E.M., Maron, M. (2016) “Seeking convergence on key concepts in No Net Loss policy”. Journal of Applied Ecology. DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.12726.

Maron, M., Ives, C., Kujala, H., Bull, J.W., et al. (2016) “Taming a wicked problem: resolving controversies in biodiversity offsetting”. BioScience, DOI:10.1093/biosci/biw038.

Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Böhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., et al. (2016) “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: a SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework”. Ecosystem Services, 17: 99–111.

Bull, J.W., Brownlie, S. (2015) “The transition from No Net Loss to a Net Gain of biodiversity is far from trivial”. Oryx. DOI:10.1017/S0030605315000861.

Bull, J.W., Hardy, M.J., Moilanen, A., Gordon, A. (2015) “Categories of flexibility in biodiversity offsetting, and the implications of out-of-kind ecological compensation”. Biological Conservation. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.003.

Bull, J.W.,  Singh N.J., Suttle K.B., Bykova E.A., Milner-Gulland E.J. (2015) “Creating a frame of reference for conservation interventions”. Land Use Policy, 49: 273–286. DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.005.

Bull, J.W., Gordon, A. (2015) “Schrödinger’s microbe: implications of coercing a living organism into a coherent quantum mechanical state”. Biology and Philosophy, DOI: 10.1007/s10539-015-9500-4.

Maron, M., Bull, J.W., Evans, M.C., Gordon, A. (2015) “Locking in loss: baselines of decline in Australian biodiversity offset policies”. Biological Conservation, DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.05.017

Bull, J.W. (2015) “Quantum conservation biology: a new ecological tool”. Conservation Letters, 8(4): 227–229. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12195

Gordon, A., Bull, J.W., Wilcox, C., Maron, M. (2015) “Perverse incentives risk undermining biodiversity offset policies”. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52: 532–537. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12398.

Bull, J.W., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Suttle, K.B., Singh N.J. (2014) “Comparing biodiversity offset calculation methods with a case study in Uzbekistan”. Biological Conservation, 178: 2–10.

Bull, J.W., Gordon, A., Law, E., Suttle, K.B., Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2014) “The importance of baseline specification in evaluating conservation interventions and achieving no net loss of biodiversity”. Conservation Biology, 28(3): 799–809.

Jones, I.L.*, Bull J.W.*, Milner-Gulland, E.J., Esipov A.V., Suttle, K.B. (2014) “Quantifying habitat impacts of natural gas infrastructure to facilitate biodiversity offsetting”. Ecology and Evolution, 4(1): 79-90. (*shared lead authorship).

Bull, J.W., Suttle, K.B., Gordon, A., Singh, N.J., Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2013) “Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice”. Oryx, 47(3): 369-380.

Bull, J.W., Suttle, K.B., Singh, N.J., Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2013) “Conservation when nothing stands still: moving targets and biodiversity offsets”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(4): 203-210.

Sandom, C., Bull, J.W., Canney, S., Macdonald, D.W. (2012) “Exploring the Value of Wolves (Canis lupus) in Landscape-Scale Fenced Reserves for Ecological Restoration in the Scottish Highlands”. In: M. Hayward & M. Somers (eds) Fencing for Conservation. Springer

Bull, J.W., Nilsen, E., Mysterud, A., Milner-Gulland, E.J., (2009) “Survival on the Border: a population model to evaluate management options for Norway’s wolves Canis lupus”. Wildlife Biology, 15: 412-424.

Notable reports and articles not subject to peer review

Bull, J.W., Bryant, C., Baker, J., Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2015) “Developing, measuring and communicating the outcomes of corporate biodiversity strategies”. London, UK; Wild Business Ltd.

Bull, J.W. (2015) “Comparing biodiversity offset methodologies”. Decision Point, 85:6-7

Bull, J.W. (2013) “Here comes the wild world”. Wellcome Trust [available at: www.wellcome.ac.uk].

Bull, J.W. & Esipov, A.V. (2013) “Ancient techniques for hunting saigas in Ustyurt: the remains of arrans”. Saiga News, 16: 18-19.

Bull, J.W. (2013) “Tackling the moving target problem”. Decision Point, 71:6-7.

Sophus zu Ermgassen 'Effectiveness of No Net Loss policies and biodiversity offsets';

Diego Juffe-Bignoli 'Biodiversity impacts of development corridors'

Victoria Griffiths (current), PhD, Imperial College London.

Hannah Hamilton (current), PhD, Trinity College Dublin.

I have supervised numerous BSc, MSc and MRes projects